Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Ƙarfin Lissafi na Ƙananan Tashi: Tsari, Hanyoyi, da Ƙalubale

1. Gabatarwa

Yaduwar Jiragen Sama Marasa Matuki (UAVs) da Jiragen Sama na Tsaye Mai Tashi da Sauƙaƙe (eVTOL) na kawo zamanin Tattalin Arzikin Ƙananan Tashi (LAE). Waɗannan dandamali suna ba da damar ayyuka kamar kayan kaya na birane, firikwensin sama, da amsa gaggawa. Cibiyoyin sadarwar waɗannan jiragen sama, waɗanda ake kira Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙananan Tashi (LAENets), suna fuskantar ƙalubale a cikin haɗin kai, tsaro, da amfani da albarkatu. Wani muhimmin albarkacin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba shine ƙarfin lissafi na cikin jirgin ("computility") na waɗannan motocin. Wannan takarda tana ba da shawarar Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Ƙarfin Lissafi na Ƙananan Tashi (LACNets), waɗanda ke ɗaukar albarkatun lissafi na sama a rarraba a matsayin Kadarorin Duniya na Gaske (RWAs) da aka sanya a matsayin token akan blockchain, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar lissafi masu tsaro, masu ƙarfafawa, da inganci a sararin sama.

2. Bayanan Baya & Ayyukan Da suka Danganta

2.1 Tattalin Arzikin Ƙananan Tashi & Cibiyoyin Sadarwa

LAENets suna wakiltar cibiyoyin sadarwa masu yawa, masu haɗin kai na UAVs da eVTOLs waɗanda ke aiki a ƙananan sararin sama. Manyan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da isarwa, sa ido, da sadarwa. Duk da haka, ƙaddamar da waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwa yana haifar da matsaloli masu rikitarwa a cikin gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, kaucewa karo, da tsaron intanet, waɗanda suka samo asali ne daga rashin amincewa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki iri-iri.

2.2 Blockchain & Sanya Kadarorin Duniya na Gaske (RWA) a matsayin Token

Blockchain yana ba da littafin lissafi mara tsari, wanda ba za a iya canzawa ba don yin rikodin ma'amaloli da mallakar kadarori. Sanya Kadarorin Duniya na Gaske (RWA) a matsayin token ya ƙunshi wakiltar haƙƙoƙin kadarori na zahiri (misali, gidaje, kayayyaki) a matsayin token na dijital akan blockchain. Wannan takarda tana faɗaɗa wannan ra'ayi zuwa albarkatun lissafi, tana ba da shawarar cewa ƙarfin lissafi da sakamakon jirgin sama na iya zama token a matsayin kadari mai ciniki, mai tabbatarwa.

3. Tsarin LACNet

3.1 Abubuwan Gindi

Tsarin LACNet da aka ba da shawarar ya ƙunshi sassa huɗu: Matakin Jirgin Sama na Zahiri (Jirage marasa matuki, eVTOLs tare da na'urorin lissafi), Matakin Sanya Token (kwangilolin wayo na blockchain don ƙirƙirar token na RWA), Matakin Gudanarwa (daidaita ayyukan lissafi tare da albarkatun da ake da su), da Matakin Aikace-aikace (kayan kaya, firikwensin, ayyukan AI).

3.2 Tsarin Sanya Token

Kowane jirgin sama mai shiga yana ƙirƙirar token mara canzawa (NFT) ko token mai ɗan canzawa wanda ke wakiltar ainihin ainihin kayan aikin sa da token mai canzawa wanda ke wakiltar zagayowar lissafin da ake da shi (misali, daƙiƙa-GPU). Kwangilolin wayo suna ayyana sharuɗɗan amfani da albarkatu, farashi, da bin SLA (Yarjejeniyar Matakin Sabis).

3.3 Tsarin Gudanarwa

Tsarin gudanarwa mara tsari yana amfani da blockchain a matsayin filin haɗin kai. Ana buga ayyuka a matsayin kiran kwangilolin wayo. Jiragen sama masu ƙarfin lissafi suna yin tayin don ayyuka. Token ɗin wanda ya yi nasara ana ajiye shi, kuma bayan an kammala aikin cikin nasara wanda aka tabbatar ta hanyar hujjojin sirri (misali, zk-SNARKs), ana saki biyan kuɗi.

4. Hanyoyi & Nazarin Lamari

4.1 Lamarin Kayan Kaya na Birane

Takardar tana ƙirƙira LACNet na birni wanda ya ƙunshi jirage marasa matuki masu isar da kaya da tasoshin jiragen sama. Jirage marasa matuki suna kula da isar da fakitin amma suna iya fitar da ayyukan fassarar AI na kai tsaye na kewayawa da kaucewa cikas zuwa eVTOLs masu ƙarfi da ke kusa, waɗanda ke da GPU marasa aiki, don musayar token.

4.2 Kwaikwayo & Sakamako

Kwaikwayoyin suna kwatanta tsohuwar rundunar da aka keɓe da LACNet na RWA da aka ba da shawarar.

Bayanin Zane: Zanen sanduna zai nuna "Matsakaicin Lokacin Kammala Aiki" akan Y-axis, tare da sanduna biyu don "Tushe (Babu Raba)" da "LACNet (Tushen RWA)". Sandar LACNet za ta kasance gajarta sosai. Zanen layi zai nuna "Jimlar Amfani da Lissafi %" akan lokaci, tare da layin LACNet koyaushe yana sama da tushe.

5. Ƙalubale & Hanyoyin Gaba

Manyan ƙalubalen sun haɗa da: Ƙalubalen Ka'idoji don kadarorin da aka sanya a matsayin token a sararin sama, Ƙarin Nauyin Fasaha na yarjejeniyar blockchain akan na'urori masu ƙarancin albarkatu, da Likitancin Kasuwa don token na ƙarfin lissafi. Hanyoyin bincike na gaba sune:

• Gudanarwa Mai Taimakon AI: Yin amfani da koyon ƙarfafawa don farashin albarkatu mai motsi da daidaitawa.
• Haɗin gwiwar AI na Geɓe: Koyon haɗin gwiwa a cikin LACNets don horar da samfuri ba tare da tsakiyar bayanai ba.
• Manufofin Ƙetare Iyakoki: Haɓaka ƙa'idodi don haƙƙin kadarorin dijital a cikin sararin sama na duniya.

6. Ra'ayin Mai Bincike: Fahimta ta Asali, Tsarin Ma'ana, Ƙarfi & Kurakurai, Fahimta Mai Aiki

Fahimta ta Asali: Hazakar takardar tana cikin sake fasalin lissafin jirgin sama mara aiki daga sakamakon fasaha zuwa kadari mai samun kuɗi, mai ciniki ta hanyar sanya RWA a matsayin token. Wannan ba kawai game da inganci ba ne; yana game da ƙirƙirar sabon ajin kadari da tsarin kasuwa don matakin gefen sararin sama. Yana magance matsalar tushe ta LAE kai tsaye: rashin amincewa da ƙarfafa tattalin arziki don haɗin gwiwar masu ruwa da tsaki da yawa.

Tsarin Ma'ana: Hujja tana da gamsarwa: 1) LAENets suna tasowa amma suna fama da rashin amincewa. 2) Ƙarfin lissafin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba kadari ne da aka ɓata. 3) Blockchain+RWA yana ba da matakin amincewa da kuɗi. 4) Sanya token yana ba da damar kasuwa mai tsaro, mai ruwa don "ƙarfin lissafi." 5) Nazarin lamari ya tabbatar da ribar jinkiri/amfani. Ma'ana tana haɗa tsarin rarraba, tattalin arziki, da manufofi.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙarfinsa shine tsarinsa na gaba ɗaya, tsarin ilimi-tsaka-tsaki, haɗa ra'ayoyi masu kaifin bincike daga kuɗi mara tsari (DeFi) tare da lissafin gefe. Kwaikwayon yana ba da tabbataccen hujja. Duk da haka, takardar tana da kyakkyawan fata akan yuwuwar fasaha. An yi watsi da jinkiri/ƙarin nauyin yarjejeniyar kan sarkar (ko da akan sarƙoƙi masu sauƙi) don haɗin kai na jirgin sama na ainihin lokaci. Yana kama da farkon farin ciki na IoT akan blockchain wanda sau da yawa yakan yi kuskure akan kayan aiki, kamar yadda aka lura a cikin bincike kamar "Blockchain don IoT: Bincike Mai Mahimmanci" (IEEE IoT Journal, 2020). Tattaunawar ka'idoji, ko da yake an ambata, ta kasance ta zahiri—sanya kadarori a matsayin token a cikin sararin sama mai ikon mallakar ƙasa filin nakiyoyin doka ne wanda ya fi rikitarwa fiye da sanya gidaje a matsayin token.

Fahimta Mai Aiki: Ga masu saka hannun jari, ku kalli ƙwararrun kamfanoni masu haɗa jiragen sama tare da abubuwan more rayuwa na yanar gizo 3. Ga injiniyoyi, ku ba da fifiko ga tsarin gine-gine masu haɗaka: yi amfani da blockchain don daidaitawa da rajistar SLA, amma ƙa'idar da ta fi sauri, wacce ba ta kan sarkar ba (kamar ingantaccen yarjejeniyar RAFT tsakanin gungu) don gudanarwa na ainihin lokaci. Ga masu tsara ka'idoji, wannan takarda kiran farkawa ce don fara sanya tsarin kadarorin sararin sama na dijital a yanzu, kafin fasaha ta wuce doka.

7. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha

Ana iya ƙirƙira sanya ƙarfin lissafi a matsayin token. Bari $C_i(t)$ ya wakilci ƙarfin lissafin da ake da shi (a cikin FLOPS) na jirgin sama $i$ a lokacin $t$. Ana iya sanya wannan ƙarfin a matsayin token zuwa raka'a daban-daban. Wani aiki $T_k$ yana buƙatar raka'o'in lissafi $R_k$. Matsalar gudanarwa ita ce daidaitawa mai motsi:

$$\min \sum_{k} \left( \alpha \cdot \text{Jinkiri}(i,k) + \beta \cdot \text{Farashi}(\text{Token}_i, R_k) \right)$$

bisa ga $C_i(t) \geq R_k$ da ƙuntatawa na kusancin sararin sama. Kwangilolin wayo suna tilasta samfurin token biyu: NFT na Ainihi $ID_i$ (bayanan meta: ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki, mai shi) da Token na Amfani $UT_i(t)$ wanda ke wakiltar $C_i(t)$, wanda aka ƙirƙira kuma aka ƙone shi da ƙarfi.

8. Misalin Tsarin Bincike

Lamari: Kimanta yuwuwar tattalin arzikin jirgin sama mai isar da kaya wanda ke shiga cikin LACNet.

Matakan Tsarin:

1. Kidayar Kadarori: Lissafa lissafin cikin jirgin (misali, NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin, 200 TOPS).
2. Tushen Farashi: Lissafa farashin aiki kowace awa (makamashi, kulawa, raguwa).
3. Samfurin Kudi: Hasashen samun kuɗin token daga hanyoyi biyu:
   • Babban Sabis: Kudaden isarwa.
   • Sabis na Biyu: Sayar da ƙarfin lissafi mara aiki. Ƙirar farashi bisa ga buƙatun kasuwa (misali, kololuwa da lokacin kashe wuta).
4. Lissafin Ƙimar Tsada: $\text{Ƙimar Tsada} = (\text{Kudin Shiga na Farko} + \text{Kudin Shiga na Token}) - \text{Farashin Aiki} - \text{Kudaden Ma'amala na Blockchain}$.
5. Binciken Hankali: Gwada samfurin akan masu canji: saurin canjin farashin token, girgizar buƙatun lissafi, yanayin haraji na ka'idoji.

Wannan tsarin yana taimaka wa mai aiki ya yanke shawara ko sanya ƙarfin lissafi a matsayin token yana ba da ROI mai kyau, yana mai da cibiyar farashi zuwa cibiyar riba.

9. Ayyukan Gaba & Hasashe

Tunanin LACNet yana da yuwuwar canzawa fiye da kayan kaya na birane:

• Amsa ga Bala'i: LACNets na lokaci-lokaci na iya samuwa don sarrafa hotunan tauraron dan adam/sama don tantance lalacewa a ainihin lokaci, tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ko gwamnatoci suna sayen token na ƙarfin lissafi don ba da kuɗin ƙoƙarin.
• Noma Mai Daidaitawa: Garken jiragen noma marasa matuki na iya raba lissafi don gudanar da ƙaƙƙarfan samfuran bincike masu yawa a kan tashi, suna inganta amfani da maganin kashe qwari ko ruwa.
• Nishadi & Kafofin Watsa Labarai: Don watsa shirye-shiryen sama kai tsaye na manyan abubuwan da suka faru, LACNet na iya ba da ƙarfin rarraba don haɗa bidiyo na ainihin lokaci, mai inganci sosai da tasiri.
• Binciken Kimiyya: Balloons na sa ido kan yanayi ko tauraron dan adam na ƙima (HAPS) na iya samar da LACNets masu tsayi, suna sayar da sauran zagayowar lissafi ga cibiyoyin bincike don ƙirar yanayi.

Hasashen dogon lokaci yana nuni zuwa "DePIN" (Cibiyar Sadarwar Kayan Aiki na Zahiri mara Tsari) don sararin sama, inda mallakar kayan aiki, aiki, da amfani da kayan aiki suka cika sanya su a matsayin token kuma aka ba da dimokuradiyya.

10. Nassoshi

1. H. Luo da saur., "Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Ƙarfin Lissafi na Ƙananan Tashi: Tsari, Hanyoyi, da Ƙalubale," An Gabatar da shi ga Jaridar IEEE.
2. M. S. Rahman da saur., "Haɗin Blockchain da IoT: Bincike Mai Tsari," IEEE IoT Journal, vol. 8, no. 4, 2021.
3. Z. Zheng da saur., "Bayani Game da Fasahar Blockchain: Tsari, Yarjejeniya, da Trends na Gaba," 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data.
4. Y. Mao da saur., "Bincike akan Lissafin Geɓe na Wayar hannu: Mahangar Sadarwa," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 19, no. 4, 2017.
5. Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta China (CAAC), "Shirin Ci Gaban Tattalin Arzikin Ƙananan Tashi," 2023.
6. A. Dorri da saur., "Blockchain don IoT: Bincike Mai Mahimmanci," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 2020.