Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Ƙarfin Lissafi na Ƙananan Tsaunuka: Tsari, Hanyoyi, da Kalubale

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa

Yawaitar Jiragen Sama marasa Matuki (UAVs) da Jiragen Sama na Tsaye masu Tashi da Sauƙaƙa (eVTOLs) suna haifar da sabon matakin tattalin arziki a sararin samaniya na ƙananan tsaunuka, wanda ake kira Tattalin Arzikin Ƙananan Tsaunuka (LAE). Cibiyoyin sadarwar waɗannan dandamalin sama, ko Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Tattalin Arzikin Ƙananan Tsaunuka (LAENets), suna yi wa'adin canje-canjen aikace-aikace a cikin kayan aiki na birane, sa ido, da sadarwa. Wani muhimmin albarkatu, amma ba a amfani da shi sosai ba, a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin sadarwa shine ƙarfin lissafi na cikin jirgin sama (CPUs, GPUs) na kowane jirgin sama—wanda ake kira "ƙarfin lissafi". Wannan takarda tana ba da shawara ga sabon tsari: ɗaukar wannan rarraba ƙarfin lissafi a matsayin Kadarorin Duniya na Gaske (RWAs) da aka sanya alama akan blockchain. Ta yin haka, na'urorin sama daban-daban za su iya samar da amintattun, ƙarfafa, da haɗin gwiwar Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Ƙarfin Lissafi na Ƙananan Tsaunuka (LACNets), yana ƙirƙirar "girgije na gefe a cikin sama" mai ƙarfi.

2. Bayanan Baya & Ayyukan Da suka Danganta

2.1 Tattalin Arzikin Ƙananan Tsaunuka (LAE) & LAENets

LAENets suna wakiltar cibiyoyin sadarwa masu yawa, masu daidaitawa na UAVs da eVTOLs waɗanda ke aiki a cikin sararin samaniyar ƙauyuka. Manyan kalubalen sun haɗa da sarrafa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na ainihi, raunin tsaro (misali, yaudarar siginar), da rashin amincewa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki da yawa (masu aiki, masu ba da sabis, masu tsari).

2.2 Sanya Kadarorin Duniya na Gaske (RWA) Alama

Sanya RWA alama ya haɗa da wakiltar mallaka ko haƙƙoƙin kadarorin zahiri (misali, gidaje, kayayyaki) akan blockchain ta hanyar alamomi (masu iya canzawa ko marasa canzawa). Wannan yana ba da damar mallakar ɓangare, haɓaka ruwa, da bin diddigin asalin bayyananne. Takardar tana daidaita wannan ra'ayi zuwa albarkatun lissafi.

2.3 Blockchain don Lissafi na Gefe

Blockchain yana ba da rajista na rarrabuwa, maras sauya sheƙa wanda ya dace don sarrafa ma'amaloli da yanayi a cikin tsarin rarraba. A cikin lissafi na gefe, zai iya sauƙaƙa gano albarkatu mai tsaro, cire aiki, da daidaitawa mai tabbaci ba tare da babban hukuma ba, yana magance rashi amana a cikin buɗaɗɗen LAENets.

3. Tsarin LACNet & Hanyoyi

3.1 Tsarin Asali

Tsarin LACNet da aka ba da shawara ya ƙunshi matakai uku: 1) Matakin Jiki: UAVs/eVTOLs tare da ƙarfin lissafi daban-daban. 2) Matakin Blockchain: Blockchain na izini ko ƙungiya wanda ke sarrafa tsarin rayuwar alamun ƙarfin lissafi, kwangiloli masu hikima don tsarawa, da tsarin ainihin rarrabuwa ga mahalarta. 3) Matakin Sabis: Inda masu amfani na ƙarshe suka gabatar da ayyukan lissafi (misali, nazarin hoto, ingantacciyar hanya) waɗanda aka dace da albarkatun ƙarfin lissafi da aka sanya alama.

3.2 Tsarin Sanya Ƙarfin Lissafi Alama

Jiragen sama suna yin rajistar ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin su (CPU cores, ƙwaƙwalwar GPU, bandwidth) da matsayin yanzu (wuri, baturi) tare da hanyar sadarwa. Kwangila mai hikima tana ƙirƙira alamar da ba za a iya canzawa ba (NFT) ko tarin alamomi masu iya canzawa waɗanda ke wakiltar yanki na ƙarfin lissafin da ake da shi na wani lokaci da aka ayyana. Wannan alamar ita ce RWA mai tabbaci, mai ciniki.

3.3 Tsarin Ayyuka & Tsarin Ƙarfafawa

Kwangilar kasuwa tana dacewa da buƙatun aiki tare da alamun ƙarfin lissafi. Ana ƙarfafa masu aiki don ba da gudummawar albarkatu ta hanyar ƙananan biyan kuɗi a cikin kuɗin crypto bayan an kammala aikin cikin nasara. Blockchain ba ta canzawa tana rikodin duk ma'amaloli, yana tabbatar da adalci da bincike.

4. Nazarin Hali: LACNet na Kayan Aiki na Birane

4.1 Saitin Kwaikwayo

Marubutan sun ƙirƙira hanyar sadarwa mai girman birni wanda ya ƙunshi jiragen sama masu isar da kaya da tasi-jiragen sama. Ayyukan sun haɗa da nazarin bidiyo na ainihi don tabbatar da kunshin da sake tsara hanya mai ƙarfi. An kwatanta yanayin tushe tare da keɓantaccen lissafi da LACNet na tushen RWA da aka ba da shawara.

4.2 Sakamako & Nazarin Aiki

Sakamakon kwaikwayo ya nuna gagarumin ci gaba: 1) An Rage Jinkirin Aiki: Ta hanyar cire ayyukan lissafi masu nauyi zuwa kusa, nodes na sama marasa aiki, jinkiri daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe ya ragu da kusan 35%. 2) An Ƙarfafa Aminci & Tsaro: Tsarin tushen blockchain ya ba da hujjar ɓoyayyen bayanai na gudummawar albarkatu da aiwatar da aiki, yana rage halayen node mara kyau. 3) An Ƙara Ingantaccen Albarkatu: Gabaɗaya amfani da ƙarfin lissafi a cikin hanyar sadarwa ya inganta da kusan 50%, yana mai da zagayowar marasa aiki zuwa kadarori masu amfani.

Bayanin Ginshiƙi: Taswirar layi zai iya nuna layi biyu: ɗaya don "Tushe (Keɓantacce)" yana nuna mafi girma da mafi yawan jinkiri yayin da nauyin aiki ya ƙaru, da ɗaya don "LACNet (Tushen RWA)" yana nuna ƙananan, mafi kwanciyar hankali saboda ingantaccen tarin albarkatu da tsarawa.

5. Kalubale & Jagororin Bincike na Gaba

Takardar ta gano kalubale da yawa da aka buɗe: Fasaha: Hanyoyin yarjejeniya masu sauƙi waɗanda suka dace da nodes na sama masu ƙuntatawa albarkatu; ingantaccen lissafi mai tabbaci (misali, ta amfani da zk-SNARKs) don tabbatar da kammala aikin ba tare da sake aiwatarwa ba. Aiki: Ƙirar farashi mai ƙarfi don ƙarfin lissafi; haɗawa da tsarin sarrafa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na yanzu. Tsari & Doka: Amincewa da jihohi daban-daban na RWAs da aka sanya alama; tsarin alhaki don lissafin sama na waje. Hanyoyin gaba sun haɗa da tsarin sarrafa kai na AI da ba da damar haɗin kai na koyan tarayya a cikin LACNets.

6. Ra'ayin Mai Nazari

Muhimmin Fahimta: Wannan takarda ba kawai game da jiragen sama marasa matuki ko blockchain ba—tsari ne mai ƙarfi don sanya kuɗi ga ainihin tsarin tsarin jiki mai rarrabawa. Babban fahimtar shine sanin "lissafin maras aiki" a matsayin iyakar gaba don sanya RWA alama, yana amfani da ƙa'idodin DeFi ga kadarori masu motsi, masu girma uku. Duba ne mafi rikitarwa da buri fiye da tagwayen dijital ko bin diddigin sarkar kayan masarufi.

Kwararar Ma'ana: Hujjar tana da ban sha'awa: LAENets suna da matsalar amana da albarkatun da aka ɓata. Blockchain yana magance amana ta hanyar bayyananne da sarrafa kai. Sanya alama yana haifar da kasuwa mai ruwa don albarkatun da aka ɓata (ƙarfin lissafi). Wannan kasuwa tana ƙarfafa shiga, tana magance matsalar daidaitawa, kuma tana ƙaddamar da ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa. Nazarin hali yana ba da tabbacin ƙididdiga na buƙatar hujja.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙarfin yana cikin haɗakar sa na fannoni daban-daban, haɗuwa da ra'ayoyi daga tsarin rarraba, tattalin arziki, da sararin samaniya. Tsarin da aka ba da shawara yana da ma'ana. Duk da haka, babban aibin takardar shine kyakkyawan kulawar da ta yi wa ƙuntatawa na duniya na gaske. An watsar da jinkirin yarjejeniyar blockchain (ko da izini), wanda zai iya soke fa'idodin ƙananan jinkiri na cire gefe don ayyuka na ainihi. Tsarin tsaro don ƙananan nodes na sama waɗanda ke shiga cikin blockchain ba a ƙayyadad da shi ba—ta yaya za ku hana harin Sybil tare da jiragen sama marasa matuki masu arha? Babban rashin lafiya na ayyukan blockchain akan UAVs masu iyakacin baturi.

Fahimta Mai Aiki: Ga masu saka hannun jari, kula da ƙaddamarwa masu haɗuwa da IoT, AI na gefe, da sanya alama—wannan shine ma'ana ta haɗuwa. Ga injiniyoyi, fifikon R&D na gaggawa ya kamata ya zama "tabbataccen sauƙi", watakila bincika abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su masu kyau ko bambance-bambancen aikin amfani da aka keɓance don garken sama. Ga masu tsari, takardar ita ce kiran farkawa: dole ne tsarin sanya kadarori alama su ci gaba don haɗawa da kadarori masu ƙarfi, masu dogaro da aiki kamar lokacin lissafi, ba kawai kadarori masu tsayi ba. Yin watsi da wannan zai iya ba da jagoranci a cikin LAE ga yankuna masu ƙarin siyasar kadarorin dijital.

7. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha & Tsarin Lissafi

Za a iya tsara ƙirar sauƙaƙa don cire aiki a cikin LACNet a matsayin matsalar ingantawa. Bari $T_i$ ya zama aikin lissafi tare da zagayowar lissafi da ake buƙata $C_i$ da ranar ƙarshe $D_i$. Bari $V_j$ ya zama abin hawa na sama tare da ƙarfin lissafi da aka sanya alama a matsayin $P_j$ (ƙarfin sarrafawa) da farashin kowane lissafi $\alpha_j$.

Manufar kwangilar tsarawa ita ce rage jimillar farashi da jinkiri yayin da ake cika ranakun ƙarshe:

$$\min \sum_{i,j} x_{ij} \cdot (\alpha_j \cdot C_i + \beta \cdot L_{ij})$$

Dangane da:

$$\sum_j x_{ij} = 1 \quad \forall i \text{ (kowane aiki an ba shi)}$$

$$\sum_i x_{ij} \cdot C_i \leq P_j \quad \forall j \text{ (ƙarfin albarkatu)}$$

$$L_{ij} = \frac{C_i}{P_j} + \text{PropDelay}_{ij} \leq D_i \quad \forall i,j \text{ inda } x_{ij}=1$$

Anan, $x_{ij}$ shine maɓalli na yanke shawara na binary (1 idan an ba da aikin $i$ zuwa abin hawa $j$), $L_{ij}$ shine jimillar jinkiri, $\beta$ shine ma'auni mai nauyi, kuma $\text{PropDelay}_{ij}$ shine jinkirin yaduwar hanyar sadarwa. Blockchain yana tabbatar da cika ƙuntatawa ta hanyar hujjoji daga nodes masu aiwatarwa.

8. Tsarin Nazari: Misali Ba tare da Lamba ba

Hali: Sabis na gaggawa na birni yana buƙatar sarrafa hotunan kai tsaye daga jiragen sama 50 da ke binciken yankin bala'i don gano waɗanda suka tsira, yana buƙatar babban sarrafa hoto mai kama.

Aikace-aikacen Tsarin LACNet:

1. Sanya Kadarori Alama: Jiragen sama masu isar da kaya da tasi-jiragen sama na kusa suna sanya ƙarfin GPU maras aiki zuwa "Alamun Rukunin Lissafi" 100 kowanne, suna jera su akan kasuwar LACNet tare da farashi da taga samuwa.
2. Gabatar da Aiki & Daidaitawa: Sabis na gaggawa ya gabatar da tarin aiki (raƙuman bidiyo 50, ƙirar AI don gano mutum) tare da tuta mai fifiko da kasafin kuɗi. Kwangila mai hikima ta atomatik tana gudanar da gwanjon aikin, tana daidaita shi da alamun lissafi 50 mafi inganci da ƙananan jinkiri waɗanda suka dace da ƙayyadaddun fasaha.
3. Aiwatarwa & Tabbatarwa: Jiragen sama da aka zaɓa suna aiwatar da ƙaddamarwar AI akan raƙuman bidiyon da aka ba su. Suna samar da hujjar ɓoyayye (misali, hash na bayanan shigarwa da sakamako na fitarwa) da aka gabatar zuwa blockchain.

4. Daidaituwa & Ƙarfafawa: Bayan tabbatar da hujjoji (watakila ta hanyar ƙalubale na samfurin), kwangilar hikima ta saki biyan kuɗi daga ajiyar sabis na gaggawa zuwa masu riƙe da alama (masu aikin jirgin sama), kuma an isar da sakamakon da aka sarrafa.

Wannan yana nuna yadda tsarin ke ƙirƙirar gungu na lissafi na bazata, amintacce ba tare da yarjejeniyoyin da suka riga su kasance ba.

9. Ayyukan Gaba & Dubawa

Tunanin LACNet ya wuce kayan aiki. Sa ido na Muhalli: Garken jiragen sama na firikwensin na iya sanya alama ga bayanan firikwensin da lissafi don ƙirar tushen gurɓatawa na ainihi. Amsa ga Bala'i: LACNets na ad-hoc na iya samuwa don sarrafa hotunan tauraron dan adam da na sama don tantance lalacewa, wanda hukumomin agaji suka biya ta hanyar kwangiloli masu hikima. Nishaɗi & Kafofin Watsa Labarai: Don ɗaukar hoto na abubuwan da suka faru kai tsaye, masu watsa shirye-shirye na iya siyan ƙarfin lissafi daga jiragen sama masu kallo don kusurwoyi na sama na musamman, tare da ƙananan biyan kuɗi ta atomatik. Hangen nesa na dogon lokaci shine cikakken "Girgije na Sama" na rarrabuwa inda ake cinikin lissafi, firikwensin, da haɗin kai a matsayin kayayyaki a kasuwanni na ainihi, yana canza yadda aka gina kayan more rayuwa na birane da biyan su. Nasara ya dogara ne akan cin nasara kan matsalolin fasaha na ƙima da ɓoyayyen bayanai masu sauƙi, da ci gaban haɗin gwiwar ƙa'idodin kadarorin dijital masu goyon baya.

10. Nassoshi

1. H. Luo et al., "Cibiyoyin Sadarwar Ƙarfin Lissafi na Ƙananan Tsaunuka: Tsari, Hanyoyi, da Kalubale," a cikin IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2024. (Tushen PDF)
2. Z. Zhou et al., "Hankali na Gefe: Gina Mil na Ƙarshe na Hankalin Wucin Gadi tare da Lissafi na Gefe," Proc. IEEE, vol. 107, no. 8, pp. 1738–1762, Aug. 2019.
3. M. Swan, Blockchain: Tsarin Sabon Tattalin Arziki. O'Reilly Media, 2015.
4. F. Tschorsch da B. Scheuermann, "Bitcoin da Bayansa: Binciken Fasaha akan Kuɗin Dijital na Rarrabuwa," IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 2084–2123, 2016.
5. "Sanya Kadarorin Duniya na Gaske Alama," Rahoton Binciken Kadarorin Dijital, 2023. [Kan layi]. Ana samuwa: https://www.digitalassetresearch.com/
6. Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya (FAA), "Tunanin Aiki don Tafiya ta Sama ta Birane," 2023. [Kan layi]. Ana samuwa: https://www.faa.gov/